Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF Download

 

Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF

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Plant Kingdom NECT PDF

PDF Name	Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF
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Are you looking for the Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF? You can download it for free from kea.kar.nic.in. The NCERT sets the academic syllabus for Class 11 board exams, and their books are prescribed to CBSE students. The NCERT Book Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF covers the classification of algae and the life cycle of plants that bear archegonia.

Algae are classified based on criteria such as flagellation, storage products, cellular organization, and constitution of cell walls. The basis for the classification of algae is the presence of pigments that give them their traditional color. Chlorophyll type, such as chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, determines the green color of Chlorophyceae. Similarly, brown and red colors are imparted to phaeophycean and Rhodophyceae, respectively.

Bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms are the three groups of plants that bear archegonia. The life cycle of bryophytes involves haploid gametes producing multicellular sexual organs. The male sex organ is called antheridium, and the female sex organ is called archegonium. An antheridium releases biflagellate antherozoids that fertilize the egg produced by archegonium. The zygote produced by this process undergoes reduction division to produce a multicellular body called a sporophyte.

 

Understanding the Diverse World of Plants

Plants play an essential role in our daily lives, providing us with the oxygen we breathe, food we eat, and medicines we rely on. The Plant Kingdom is vast, diverse and fascinating, consisting of bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Each group possesses distinct characteristics and functions that allow them to survive and thrive in different environments. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of the Plant Kingdom and their importance.

Gymnosperms: Characteristics and Significance

Gymnosperms, meaning "naked seed," are a group of plants that produce seeds that are exposed rather than enclosed in a fruit. They are found in colder regions and are usually evergreens. Some common examples of gymnosperms are pines, spruces, and firs. Gymnosperms have various characteristics that distinguish them from other plant groups. They are woody and display vascular system, which provides mechanical support and transport. Male and female reproductive organs, cones, are present on separate branches. Moreover, many gymnosperms' species are used as a source of valuable materials. Pines and spruces are used for timber, paper, and pulp, while some species of junipers provide wood for furniture making and roofing.

Monocots and Dicots: Distinguishing Features

Monocots and dicots are types of angiosperms, which produce seeds within a fruit. Monocots are characterized by having a single cotyledon, slender leaves with parallel veins, and fibrous roots. Examples of monocots are rice, wheat, and corn. On the other hand, dicots have two cotyledons, netlike veins on leaves, and taproots. Tomatoes, beans, and peas are some examples of dicots. Knowing the difference between monocots and dicots is essential for identifying and classifying plants correctly.

Differentiating between Vascular and Nonvascular Plants

Bryophytes, such as mosses and liverworts, are nonvascular plants that lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They are usually small and live in damp or shady environments. In contrast, pteridophytes, such as ferns, are vascular plants with finely divided leaves and true roots. They can grow in extreme environments such as deserts and mountains. The vascular system in plants helps in water and nutrient transport, providing structural support and allowing them to grow taller.

Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF

Plant Life Cycle: Reduction Division and Spore Formation

Reduction division is a process where the number of chromosomes in a cell is halved, resulting in the formation of haploid cells. It is a crucial step in the life cycle of plants and happens in the sporophyte generation, which is diploid. Spore formation takes place in the sporangia of bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Spores are single cells that develop into gametophytes, which produce gametes for sexual reproduction.

Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF

Classification of Algae: Based on Pigmentation and Cell Structure

Algae are a diverse group of aquatic photosynthetic organisms that play a vital role in the food chain, ecosystem, and commercial applications. Algae are classified based on their pigmentation and cell structure. Chlorophyta, or green algae, are the most common type of algae, and they utilize chlorophyll a and b for photosynthesis. Rhodophyta, or red algae, use phycoerythrin, which gives them the red pigment. Phaeophyta, or brown algae, contain fucoxanthin and are found in colder waters.

Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF

Economic Importance of Algae and Gymnosperms

Algae and gymnosperms have significant economic importance in various industries. Algae are used in food products, cosmetics, medicines, and as biofuels. They are also used in wastewater treatment and carbon capture technologies. Gymnosperms are a source of timber, paper, and pulp. They are used in furniture making and as ornamental trees. Moreover, gymnosperm seeds, such as pine nuts and Brazil nuts, are edible and used in cuisine.

In conclusion, plants are essential for maintaining a stable environment and providing us with resources for survival. Understanding the diverse characteristics and significance of each plant group allows us to respect and appreciate the wonders of the Plant Kingdom.

Different cells have different ploidy levels. For example, the protonema cell of a moss is haploid, the primary endosperm nucleus in dicot is triploid, the leaf cell of a moss is diploid, the prothallus cell of a fern is haploid, the Gemma cell in Marchantia is haploid, the meristem cell of monocot is diploid, the ovum of a liverwort is haploid, and the zygote of a fern is diploid.

Download the Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom NCERT PDF for free from the link given at the bottom of this page on kea.kar.nic.in.